Xmath [
1] and dMath [
2] are projects supported by the European Commission through the Minerva Action (Xmath) [
3] and the Leonardo da Vinci program (dMath) [
4]. These programs seek to promote European cooperation in the fields of open and distance learning (Xmath) and vocational training (dMath). A pedagogic calculator [
5] is being developed using web
Mathematica [
6,
7] in connection with these programs. This calculator gives intermediate steps for calculations in a wide range of applications (integration, differentiation, algebra, equation solving, and so on). An expression is broken down and analyzed by
Mathematica packages that have been developed to work with web
Mathematica. Rules that are familiar from hand calculation are given and so are the intermediate results. The user may scroll to look at a number of levels (the first level is the first hint) and then continue by hand. In the same way as an expression may be broken down into different levels, so can the calculation steps. This gives structured output, as a professor would do it on a blackboard, stating the rules at each level. The output in web
Mathematica may be written as MathMLForm, giving a non-image format that can be rendered in Internet Explorer using proper style sheets. One of the main ideas of Xmath is implementing MathML [
8] in general web pages containing mathematical expressions. The dMath project creates a database of mathematical modules using the SciLas system developed in the project. The Xmath calculator is connected to the database modules and will be further developed in dMath.